Prevalence of body dissatisfaction among preadolescents and the influence of social media: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: body image begins to develop in childhood and is influenced by sociocultural factors. During preadolescence, a stage characterized by heightened sensitivity to social comparison and the internalization of aesthetic ideals, intensive social media use may constitute a risk factor for body dissatisfaction. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among preadolescents and its possible relationship with social media use.

Material and methods: an observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and descriptive study was conducted involving 171 preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from the Munguía health area (Biscay). The Collins Figure Rating Scale was used to assess body perception and dissatisfaction, and validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate social media usage habits. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square, Student’s t-test, ANOVA, or Kruskal–Wallis tests according to variable distribution, along with effect sizes and concordance coefficients.

Results: some degree of body dissatisfaction was reported by 56,1% of participants, with higher prevalence among girls (p = 0,003) and children without siblings (p <0,001). While no significant association was found between general social media use and body dissatisfaction, a moderate relationship was observed with Instagram use (p = 0,011).

Conclusions: a high prevalence of body dissatisfaction is observed in preadolescents, particularly among girls, and associated with Instagram use. These findings highlight the need for early preventive interventions that promote a positive body image and a critical approach to social media use.